Green Purchasing Strategy

3 Steps to Acing Your Upcoming Group Interview You’ve been approached in for a board meet. Perhaps you’re threatened. Perhaps frightened. Possibly you’re not even sure you comprehend what that really involves. Whatever your degree of fear, here are three simple strides to traversing your board meet tranquilly and in one piece. Stage 1: BEFOREYou reserve the privilege to ask who will be on your board. Do this. At that point inquire about each board part as well as could be expected. You’ll have the option to make sense of a considerable amount and get ready better for what each may be generally quick to ask you. What does this specific gathering of individuals educate you regarding what the organization is attempting to assess?You can likewise ask to what extent (generally) the meeting should last. This will give you a nice sentiment for what amount to and fro conversation will be conceivable, how much space you’ll be given to pose inquiries, to what extent your answers can be, etc.Step 2: DURING Treat every individual on the board like an individual not simply one more anonymous face. This isn't an indifferent divider asking you inquiries. Every questioner on your board is another chance to make a human association and persuade that a lot more individuals in the organization what an extraordinary fit you would be.Be sure to observe everybody’s name as they are presented. Record every one if that causes you recall. When responding to questions, talk straightforwardly to the person who asked, yet then attempt to widen your answer out to cause the remainder of the board to feel remembered for the discussion.Step 3: AFTERYou’ve took in their names and put forth an attempt to interface with each board part presently thank every single one of them earnestly withâ solid eye to eye connection and a quality handshake. From that point forward, it’s the typical post-meet follow-up methodology. Be that as it may, recall that you have to keep in touch with one card to say thanks for each board part. It appears to be a torment, however it’s these little contacts that will help set you apart.The board talk with: 6 hints for previously, during, and after

Labor Union Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Trade guild Relations - Essay Example One ought to accept that trade guilds would not appear if the two-level pay frameworks are kept at a protected good ways from the shores of the association. This is an exemplary instance of comprehension the employees’ points of view where the fundamental accentuation is on fixing things and consequently causing all the workers to feel well with the operational strategies and standard compensation structures. Anyway this scarcely occurs and the final product paves the way to a decent measure of issues for the two levels, and generally the workers and works themselves who feel the squeeze in the best of times. More than everything else, it is the flexibility of the association which isn't handily processed by the worker's organizations which are against the decree of having two-level pay frameworks set up. This is something that doesn't go down well with the individuals everywhere inside the aegis of an association that has genuinely received the joining of two levels inside it s pay frameworks. The component of decency or the deficiency in that department creeps into the condition for quite a few reasons. The worker's guilds generally battle for having a pay framework which depends on reasonableness and doesn't have any issues for one and all.

When Do Students Need Help With Assignments?

When Do Students Need Help With Assignments?For many, their first introduction to help assignment is usually during an online college course. There are many differences between the way students at a traditional university would do this assignment and how students would do it at a MOOC (Massive Open Online Course). So what's the difference? How does the introduction of help to assignments change the way a student will understand a university?First of all, we need to understand that help is something that you don't just 'get' from other people. You do not receive help from professors in a traditional university because they have professors or a department of professors to provide the students with what they need. The professors at a traditional university are not there for your benefit, but for your benefit only. They can give you good advice, but you need to take the time to learn more about the topic, because that advice could have bad implications on your future. This is why you nee d to take your time and learn as much as you can about the subject, so that when you do want to apply for a job or even take the traditional route for your degree, you know what you need to prepare yourself for.With a traditional university, the person who provides the help is one person. There is no department of professors or administration. Therefore, when a person does help assignment, they're taking on the role of one person. The assignment needs to be taken very seriously, and a person must be prepared to complete the assignment.The same thing goes for students in a MOOC. The most important aspect of doing a help assignment in a MOOC is to take the assignment seriously. In a traditional university, students will have professors or a department of professors who can help them, but in a MOOC, there are no professors, and the entire department or course is responsible for the help assignment.Now, even though students at a traditional university will probably still do the helpassi gnment with a bit of practice, they will likely perform it differently than students at a MOOC will. At a traditional university, the student will do their own research, study, ask questions and give input. In a MOOC, the student will do exactly the same things, but they will learn from the teacher.Help is one of the biggest obstacles for many students, especially those at a traditional university, who fear taking a course with a professor who will be looking over their shoulder, even if they are doing the assignment right. Students with an interest in MOOCs will be the first to point out that they believe the situation will change, but to those students who have experienced the difference, the change is actually not that big. In most cases, a help assignment will still take up an entire course, so to them, it is not much different.That being said, MOOCs can be helpful, as long as the students are provided with an environment in which they can be able to practice their skills, while having an informal learning atmosphere that allows them to improve. Students at a traditional university who have participated in a help assignment in a MOOC can learn from their past experience, but a student who has never experienced a help assignment in a MOOC will not. It's up to the student to find the best way to study for the course, and to find a way to improve his or her knowledge of the subject.

Evil In Shakespeares Plays - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1547 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/03/24 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Hamlet Essay Macbeth Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? The purpose of my essay is to develop my analysis and research of Shakespeares Hamlet. While I was reading both I have found a great connection between them. I have come to compare the themes, characters, and the conclusion of each play, and to focus in particular upon the concept of evil as it is treated by Shakespeare in each play. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Evil In Shakespeares Plays" essay for you Create order The Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation considerably deepened the moral and philosophical understanding of the concept of evil. . The shakespeare Each play primarily concerns the downfall of a man who has the potential for greatness, but finds himself caught in a web of evil made by others. In the case of Macbeth, theres a man led by greed, an appetite for power, and the urging of an insane wife, who in the course of the play, turns from a noble man into a monster. Hamlet, in comparison, is led to his end by a desire for revenge which he allows to go out of control, and by the continued contact with his mother, whose part in his fathers death haunts him. In Macbeth, the theme of evil is introduced and sustained by the witches, and by Lady Macbeth. Macbeth himself becomes a victim of the impulses within him which lead him to consult the witches, and persuade them to believe in the power of evil rather than the power of good. The tragedy here is that Macbeth possesses a potential for doing good, he is an imaginative man, with a mind which could have been turned to creative governing, but which is instead filled with dreams of ghosts, and of his victims. Macbeth is a doomed man before he even commits his crime. It is what gives to this tragedy its deep and appalling quality. Macbeth does not go to hell; he starts there. The evil in Hamlet develops in the course of the play, for in the very beginning Hamlet himself is not a man capable of the murder of Polonius or of his mother and the king. Thus the evil here is not yet a reality for the audience of this play when it begins; the witches in Macbeth do not function in the same way as does the elder Hamlets ghost. The ghost tempts Hamlet to revenge him the revenge itself need not be the source of evil, for according to the beliefs of the day, the murder of a rightful ruler could justly be revenged by his son. While the two plays have similar surrounding the evil events which transpire they stem in conception from two very different approaches to the problem of evil. Perhaps the difference is best pointed out by the fact that Hamlet is at first inclined to believe that the ghost is an agent of the devil; he is not prepared to act until he is certain the ghost has told the truth. Macbeth, on the other hand, knows that only the evil way of the witches wil l lead him to fulfill his ambitions, and he consciously chooses that evil over the good qualities, such as loyalty, towards which he is drawn. Although the fate of Hamlet and Macbeth is resolved in much the same way at the end of each play, the two characters could not be more different in conception. Hamlet is, and remains throughout the play, a noble and essentially well-intentioned man; he is an idealist a man not afraid to follow his emotions. Macbeth, a much stronger and more decisive man than Hamlet, has a streak of selfishness and stoicism which Hamlet lacks. Shakespeare thus approaches a similar theme the murder of a king from the viewpoint of two very different men, and yet finally arrives at a single philosophical position which is based upon a single human principle: violence engenders violence, and murder ultimately brings about the death of the murderer as well as innocent victims. An interesting contrast between the two plays is the importance of Lady Macbeth to Macbeth and of Gertrude to Hamlet. In both cases devotion to the woman wife or mother and a concomitant fear and repulsion towards her, acts as a pr ime factor in the decision making process of the man. But Macbeth envisions a throne which he will share with his Queen, while Hamlet can feel nothing but rage against his mothers betrayal of his father. Macbeth is joined in his choice of evil by his wife, while Hamlet falls into evil alone. There is no equivalent to Ophelia, with her influence towards salvation for Hamlet, in Macbeth. While avoiding the question of a Freudian interpretation of Hamlets character, it is interesting to note that the genesis of his drift into evil is more understandable and more forgivable than Macbeths. It has been said of Hamlet that Blocked by the double obstruction (the death of his father and the marriage of his mother to his murderer), his life energy flows backward and floods his mind with images of disintegration and death. Hamlet was not made for revenge, was not meant to bear the burden of his own mothers evil, and yet both fell upon him. Macbeth, on the other hand, was a brave man and a strong leader. He was not a victim of his parents, nor even of his king, for the king in this case was a good man. There is ample indication in the text that Macbeth possesses the strength of character to resist his wifes ambitions for him. Yet he falls more easily than Hamlet. The murder of Duncan inherits Hamlets sensibility, his nervous irritability, his hysterical passion, his extraordin ary gifts of visualization and imaginative expression; and under the instigating influence of his wife the rashness and indiscretion of the later Hamlet are progressively translated into a succession of mad acts. If Macbeth is Hamlet taken to the limits of his violent potential, the more accurate comparison between characters in these plays would involve Claudius and Macbeth. The murder of a good king by a usurper invariably brings about an uncontrollable chain of events which will eventually ruin that usurper in Shakespeares world. Yet as horrible as Claudius deed was, we do not feel the repulsion for him that we feel towards Macbeth. Claudius stands outside the circle of violence until Hamlet draws him in, at the last moment. Macbeth is in the center of his play, his hands bloody after every murder. Despite the murders in which Hamlet is involved the deaths of Polonius, Claudius and Gertrude, and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and the madness of the innocent Ophelia, many critics have found it difficult to see in Hamlet an embodiment of evil. Rather, Hamlet is the quintessence of European man, who holds that man is ordained to govern the world according to equity and righteousness with an upright heart, and not to renounce the world and leave it to its corruption. By that conception of mans duty end destiny he is involved in those tragic dilemmas with which our own age is so terribly familiar. Thus the evil deeds which occur are at least partially neutralized by Hamlets intention to eradicate far worse evils, according to this interpretation. Is it possible that Macbeth too can be seen in this light. It has been argued that despite his crimes, Macbeth is the protagonist, the hero, with whom as such, for the right tragic effect, there must, naturally, be some large measure of sympa thy. He gains our sympathy through Shakespeares power of poetry . . . by the exhibition of the heros bravery and virtue at the beginning, by emphasizing the influence of the supernatural . . . and of his wifes inordinate ambition distinctly mentioned. . . . Thus while the dramatist must make his audience aware of the fall into evil of both men, he must also make provision for the tragic element, which presupposes a capacity for goodness and even greatness on the part of the hero. The answer to the problem of evil in each play is that Shakespeare has again enclosed his evil within a universe of good, his storm center within wide areas of peace. This world of good includes Malcolm and Macduff, Ophelia, and all the others who survive to carry on the job of building peace on the ruins of war, and of healing violence through their gentleness. The tragedy of both Hamlet and Macbeth, imaginative brothers is that they are both capable of reflecting back to their innocence, which has been irretrievably lost: The time has been, my senses would have cooled To hear a night-shriek, and my fell of hair Would at a dismal treatise rouse and stir As life were in t, I have supped full with horrors; Direness, familiar to my slaughterous thoughts, Cannot once start me. (Macbeth, V, v, 10-15) Bibliography Auchincloss, Louis. Motiveless Malignity. Boston: Houghton Co., 1969. Dean, Leonard F., editor. Shakespeare: Modern Essays in Criticism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1968. Goddard, Harold C. The Meaning of Shakespeare. Volume I and Volume II. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1963. Shakespeare, William. Twenty-three Plays and the Sonnets. Thomas Marc Parrott, editor. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1953. Martin, Catherine G. The Reason of Radical Evil: Shakespeare, Milton, and the Ethical Philosophers. Studies in Philology, vol. 113, no. 1, 2016, pp. 163-197. ProQuest, https://onesearch.fsc.follett.com/onesearch/lxtrResources/html/ProquestNewPlatform.html?/docview/1773551043?accountid=136288.

Lit1 Task 310.1.2-01-06 Essay - 2863 Words

Part A (The report) Part B (The memorandum) Student Name Western Governors University Part A (The report) Determining what type of business venture to either start or invest in can be challenging. Over the next several pages we will evaluate the various types of business organizations and at the end of this report; you should have an initial or better understanding of the different types of business forms. Sole Proprietorship: The word proprietorship can sound intimidating. It is important to remember that most things are simplified with knowledge. If your business is a sole proprietorship then you as an individual are the owner and operator of that business. This means the sole proprietor handles everything from setting up†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Control: A sole proprietor has total control of the company and they make all the good decisions and they must deal with decisions that did not turn out the way they intend. The other notable factor in being a sole proprietor of a business is what would happen to the business if the owner became ill or died; typically the business would stop operations based on the structure and debts would need to be resolved as well as customer commitments would need resolving based on the type of business. †¢ Profit Retention: In addition to reaping the profits from the business, the sole individual is also responsible for all debts in curred and for paying expenditures of the business. †¢ Location: In addition to federal laws that govern business a sole proprietorship is governed by the state laws in which it operates. If the proprietor opens another business location in a different state. The new state laws will govern the other business location therefore requiring the proprietor to understand and be compliant with more than one state laws based on the location of the business. (Beatty Samuelson, 2007, pp. 755-756) General Partnership: Occurs when two or more individuals get together to operate a business with the intention of making profit. Each individual is a general partner of the business and all profits and losses are shared between the partners. General partnership agreements can be a written or verbal agreement. †¢Show MoreRelatedLit1 Task 310.1.2-01-062176 Words   |  9 Pages1      Part A Sole Proprietorship A sole proprietorship is a form of business that is owned by a single individual.   †¢ Liability – Due to the lack of legal distinction between the owner and the business, the owner is fully responsible and liable for all debts that the business incurs in the same manner that an individual is fully responsible and liable for all debts that they incur. There is no legal distinction between the assets of the owner of the sole proprietorship and the business; thisRead MoreLit1 Task 310.1.2-01-06 Essay examples1487 Words   |  6 PagesLIT1 Task 310.1.2-01-06 Part A Sole Proprietorship - †¢ LIABILITY – There is no separation between the individual and the business. As the owner and operator of a sole proprietorship, all of the profit and loss is the personal responsibility of the business owner creating unlimited liability. †¢ INCOME TAXES – As a sole proprietor all business income or losses must be reported as personal income tax. The business itself is not taxed separately. †¢ LONGEVITY/CONTINUITY – The sole proprietorshipRead MoreWGU LIT1 Task 310.1.2-01-063823 Words   |  16 PagesPart A (The Report) Sole Proprietorship A sole proprietorship is the most common form of forming a business in the United States. The individual that forms the sole proprietorship and the business is one in the same. For example, if the business owes creditors money, the individual who created the sole proprietorship business has to pay the bill. When entering into contracts the individual is actually agreeing to the contract since the person and business is one in the same. The biggest advantageRead MoreEssay about Lit1 Task 310.1.2-01-062862 Words   |  12 PagesSole Proprietorship Sole proprietorship is the most common form of business in the United States. It is a relatively simple way for an individual to start a business since legal costs and business requirements are minimal, and the owner has complete control over the business. Though a sole proprietor is not responsible for any corporate tax payments, the owner is responsible for taxes incurred on the income generated from the business as part of his or her personal income tax payments, and personallyRead MoreStudy Notes for Task 11269 Words   |  6 Pages†ºAdd account Sign out Settings LIT1 Task1.pdfAdd to DriveEdit onlineDownload originalShareFileViewHelp SUBDOMAIN 310.1 - BUSINESS LAW Competency 310.1.2: Organizational Forms - The graduate can select the appropriate form of organization for a business. 310.1.2-01: Differentiate between a sole proprietorship and general partnership. 310.1.2-02: Differentiate between a general partnership and a limited partnership. 310.1.2-03: Identify the distinguishing characteristicsRead MoreLit1 Task a Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesLIT1: Task 310.1.2-01-06 Task A Sole proprietorship 1. Liability * An owner has unlimited liability both personally and as the company owner. Liability is a disadvantage in a sole proprietorship. 2. Income taxes * The owner is responsible for filing taxes and is allowed to file taxes as part of their personal income taxes. 3. Longevity * This depends completely on the owner and there continued ability to operate the business. The operation of the business can be significantlyRead MoreSample Resume : Business Management1551 Words   |  7 PagesNatasha Rodas LIT1 Task 310.1.2-01-06 Part A Sole Proprietorship – As a sole proprietor, you own your business solely; no other interested parties are involved. †¢ LIABLITY – The business is controlled and operated solely by the individual, and all profit/loss is the responsibility of the business owner; creating unlimited liability. †¢ INCOME TAXES – All business income/expenses are to be reported as personal income tax; not taxed separately. †¢ LONGEVITY/CONTINUITY – Once the business owner is

Essay on Authority and American Usage, by David Foster Wallace Example For Students

Essay on Authority and American Usage, by David Foster Wallace David Foster Wallace, author of the essay â€Å"Authority and American Usage*,† praises and advocates for â€Å"good† writers who have a strong rhetorical ability, which he defines as â€Å"the persuasive use of language to influence the thoughts and actions of an audience† (Wallace 628). To have a strong rhetorical ability, an author needs to be aware of whom their audience is, in order to present their information in a way that will be influential on their audience. Wallace recognizes that an author who applies a strong rhetorical ability will be able to connect with the audience so that they respond â€Å"not just to utterance but also to † (Wallace 641). An author needs to take into consideration not just content, syntax and grammatical structure (their â€Å"utterance†) but also how their character will be perceived by their audience. A positive tone will make the author seem more pleasant and relatable, whereas a negative tone connotes arroga nce and pretentiousness. That is why it is crucial for an author to recognize that an audience will respond to â€Å"them† and not just their â€Å"utterance,† as an author’s appearance to their readers can also shape how impactful their writing is. The impact and effectiveness of using proper rhetoric was a strategy of â€Å"good† writing that I was not aware of until my senior year of high school. While taking AP Language and Composition my junior year, my fellow students and I believed that we had survived countless essay workshop activities and writing assignments with emphasis on word choices, grammatical structure, syntax, punctuation and spelling. By the time we had entered AP Literature our senior year, we felt we could achieve success; we already knew how to write in the correct format and structure- we just had to master analyzing literature. It was only natural that I was taken by surprise when I received my first graded essay back. There, glaring up at me in bold, red ink against the crisp white paper was a C- . Comparing my grades to those of my classmates, it was revealed that they too had received these grades. What had we done wrong? Our teacher, Mrs. Hetrick, provided the answer to our question: â€Å"These essays could have easily been generated by a computer program. They tell me nothing about yourselves; why in the world you are telling me all of this? You need to make me care about the message you are conveying, otherwise, your writing is useless.† She then told us that while we were all communicating in the proper format, we had failed to take into consideration whom our audience was. In order to truly persuade and influence our audience, we had to do more than place complicated ideas into a grammatically immaculate sentences; we need to show the audience why they should care about our writing; otherwise, they will just lose interest. I realize now that this experience provided a stable foundation for what I consider to be an example of passionate rhetorical ability, which helps me reflect on what authors Wallace deems as â€Å"good† through their rhetorical strategies. Wallace distinguishes the â€Å"Democratic Spirit† in the writing of Bryan A. Garner, author of A Dictionary of Modern American Usage (ADMAU). Wallace identifies a â€Å"Democratic Sprit,† as one that â€Å"combines rigor and humility, i.e, passionate conviction plus a sedulous respect for the convictions of others† (Wallace 625). Wallace implies that since a Democratic Spirit contains â€Å"rigor,† the author will focus on the precision, quality, and accuracy of the writing (Wallace 625). At the same time, an author that possesses â€Å"humility† will dispose an impression of conceitedness, presenting the reader with a reflection of their personality (Wallace 625). They must also convince the readers that they are writing with a purpose or it will fail to create a lasting impression, thus the need â€Å"passionate conviction† (Wallace 625). At the same time, an author needs to recognize that they cannot shove their beliefs onto their readers who may not share their opinions, illustrating a â€Å"sedulous respect for the conviction of others† (Wallace 625). Consider The Lobster By David Foster Wallace*INTERPOLIATION: EXAMPLE OF A NON-STANDARD DIALECT THAT THIS AUTHOR ACTUALLY KNOWS ABOUT FIRSTHAND. I happen to be fluent in two English dialects- the Standard American English that I use in regular situations throughout my daily life and People-Who-Justify-Spending-Four-Dollars-on-a-Cup-of-Coffee English that I switch to using while working at Starbucks. Part of my training as a barista was learning an intricate system of abbreviations, terminology, and phrases in order to make sure each drink is made consistently due to the amount of modifications that can be made to each original beverage recipe. This dialect only makes sense to my co-workers and regulars to any Starbucks location. A person ordering a drink for the first time at Starbucks would possibly state it in the following manner: â€Å"Can I please get a medium latte with an extra shot, two of which need to be decaf, vanilla flavoring but only half of the amount that you usually put in, skim milk, no foam and stirred? † Because this person ordered their latte in Standard American English, it took my brain a few sec onds to read it back to the customer as a â€Å"2/3 Decaf Triple Grande 2 Pump Vanilla Nonfat No Foam Stirred Latte. † Whether a person walks into Starbucks and orders a â€Å"Grande Pike Place Roast† or a â€Å"Medium coffee,† I’m still going to hand them a cup of black coffee. This is similar to how a person can talk in Standard Written English or a dialect of American English and still be understood efficiently. However, why then is it that Wallace deems it significant to enlist his students in a â€Å"three-week Emergency Remedial Usage and Grammar Unit,† where he proceeds to tear the unsatisfactory syntax and grammatical structure of his students’ essays back to the basics of English composition (Wallace 624)? This radical action demonstrated by Wallace is caused by his recognition of what and whom Standard Written English (SWE) represents. Wallace states that: â€Å"Traditional English is conceived and perpetuated by Privileged WASP Males and is thus inherently capitalist, sexist, racist, xenophobic, homophobic, elitist: unfair† (Wallace 626). By stating that SWE is controlled by â€Å"Privileged WASP Males,† Wallace is indicating that only individuals who could afford or were deemed â€Å"worthy† enough had access to higher levels of education: race, ethnicity and religion have determined factors in a person’s accessibility to higher education. Privileged WASP Males have therefore become the spitting image of the socio-economic elite, due to the availability of education and their accomplished usage of SWE. Privileged WASP Males are prejudiced towards those who are not like them and utterly â€Å"unfair† in whom they chose to associate with. These old, xenophobic white men don’t want just anyone off the street joining them for intellectual discussions over Sunday tea . This is why Wallace advocates for students in high school and college to learn SWE; if students are able to present themselves in a more erudite and intellectual manner by using SWE, it can provide them with more opportunities to ascend the â€Å"social ladder† as they will have a stronger foundation for academic and professional success. Using SWE will not guarantee that a student will become a doctor or a lawyer, however, they will have the opportunity to expand their education and achieve that ranking if they wish. Works Cited Wallace, David Foster Authority and American Usage 2005. Ways of Reading: An Anthology for Writers. Ed. David Bartholomae and Anthony Petrosky. 9th Edition. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2011. 622-47. Print.

The Welfare State - A Cost Benefit Analysis Essays -

The Welfare State - A Cost Benefit Analysis The Welfare State - A Cost Benefit Analysis The role of welfare within our society has always been controversial. This problem emphasizes the need to understand the roles of variable factors when pertaining to the subject of welfare within our society. The proposed analysis will address the phenomenon of welfare assistance and several factors which may contribute to the increase or decrease of welfare assistance to the poor in 4 ways: (1) by defining major concepts and any other concepts about which there is likely to be misunderstanding (2) by further examining the past history pertaining to the subject of welfare assistance within the United States; (3) by developing the formulation of a hypothesis which will provide for an explanation of welfare; and finally (4) determining whether or not the benefits of welfare assistance outweigh the cost. Ultimately, the purpose of this research analysis is to investigate variable factors that may contribute to the increase or decrease of welfare assistance. This cost benefit analysis is an attempt to explain the tentative assumptions of others pertaining to the subject of welfare, in order to determine and explain the relationship of welfare to the economic cost and benefits. Cost-Benefit Analysis Before welfare assistance can be analyzed there is a need to define the terms that will be used. Policies like welfare assistance are worthwhile only if the benefits to society are greater than the costs. When choosing among a set of policies, the policy with the greatest net benefit (benefit over cost) should be chosen. Hence, this is where the term cost-benefit analysis comes from. Cost-benefit analysis is a technique for determining the optimal level of an economic activity such as welfare. In general, an activity such as welfare assistance should be expanded as long as it leads to greater benefits than costs. In purely economic terms, does the benefit of welfare assistance justify the costs of welfare assistance? (Mishan 13) Why Use Cost-benefit Analysis? Since 1981, government agencies have been required to perform cost-benefit analyses called Regulatory Impact Analyses (RIA's) for all major regulations within the United States. Many statutes require that cost-benefit analysis be undertaken and the results be reported to Congress (Mishan 2). Cost-benefit analysis can also be a good way to measure how effective a policy such as welfare assistance has been, or to find ways in which a program can be improved. But, regardless of how it is used, the preparation of a cost benefit analysis provides a useful framework for consideration of the possible effects of a proposed policy. Past History of Welfare Assistance One of the first welfare programs to provide income support to the poor was a federally backed plan called the Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) program. This legislation was introduced with the establishment of the Social Security program during the Great Depression. (Rowley, and Peacock 43) The ADC program which had started nearly sixty years ago is now better known as the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program, which provided a federal entitlement to economic support for single parents with children younger than 18 who fell below a threshold of assets and income (Rowley, and Peacock 44). Federal guidelines allowed for each state to set its own predetermined needs standards for families of different sizes and living locations. Both the federal government and the states supplied funding for the AFDC program (Rowley, and Peacock 50). In 1996 Congress adopted the Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF) program by enacting the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity R econciliation Act which ultimately changed the structure of federal financial assistance to the states thereby abolishing the AFDC program. Another social welfare program was the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. Congress established the Supplemental Security Income program in 1972, with payments beginning in January 1974. It replaced the former Federal-State programs of Old-Age Assistance (OAA), Aid to the Blind (AB), and Aid to the Permanently and Totally Disabled (APTD)( Myles, and Pierson 9). An individual may have qualified for payments on the basis of age, blindness, or disability. Any person aged 65 or older was also eligible. President Richard Nixon enacted the Supplemental Security Income program with the signing of the Supplemental Social Insurance Act. The benefits under

Value of Sports Talent

Value of Sports Talent Introduction One of the greatest motivators of the sports industry and sometimes the only motivator is identified to be the revenues that players as well as their teams rake in after a particular game or tournament. The need to increase the amount of revenue that a team or a player makes has led researcher to explore the economic as well as the finance aspects of sports.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Value of Sports Talent specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the course of these studies it has been identified that there is a lot of disparity between the amounts of revenue that players as well as teams playing in the same sport make (Downward, Dawson Dejonghe, 2009). In the quest to explain these disparities, researchers have come up with different frameworks that can be applied to increase the overall incomes of the various stakeholders in the sports fraternity without necessarily having to work hard. This may be identified as an advantage for the players even though it has elicited its fair share of criticism from the lovers of the particular sports. They identify that too much commercialization of the game may end up killing the sport by drawing all the fun out of it (Sanderson Siegfried, 1997). In the end most people who are in a position to influence the way sports is managed still view it as a business that pays the bills of many people all over the world. There has also been increased activism in the sports fraternity citing the lack of equality in the payment of salaries. This has introduced a new debate over the standardization of salaries in leagues or tournaments especially where it is identified that the performance of some of the highly paid players may be in question. The issue of management of sports teams as well as independent athletes is identified as one of the critical aspects of the financial debate in the sports fraternity. The signing of contracts is especially ide ntified as critical in the development of sports as it outlines the particular financial success of the athletes as well as the teams. This paper seeks to explore the opinions of different authors on the whole issue of sports finance and economics in reference to the particular revenues that individual players as well as sports teams rake in from particular games as well as tournaments. Theoretical Premise The authors identify some new applications of knowledge borrowed from other fields that are identified as compatible with the general field of sports. It is identified that most of the authors borrow their content from the economic and finance aspects of sports in their explanation of the particular revenues that players and sports clubs get (Stone Warren, 1999).Advertising Looking for coursework on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Their explanation of the economics of sports, however, raises new ideas that have not been previously identified by other authors such as the relationship between performance and revenue (Kahn Shah, 2005). It is identified that most sports have a performance appraisal payment system where players as well as clubs make more money depending on their performance. On the other hand, there are players and clubs that make more money based on their fan base although they may not be in a position to perform better than other players (McCormick Tollison, 2001). They also explain the contribution that perception makes on the incomes of players while highlighting race and status issues. It is identified that the application performance appraisal mechanisms in some sports may be partisan in terms of the amount of contribution that each player makes (Ehrenberg Bognanno, 1990). The identification of some players as high value does not always stem from their particular performance on the field or court, but rather on their value as sports personalities. The a uthors apply some economic and finance principles in identifying different mechanisms that players and teams can use to increase their value without necessarily performing better in their respective sports (Kahn Shah, 2005). The use of economic principles identifies the particular relationship between market forces in the sports fraternity and the performance of players. The authors identify that the performance of players or rather teams often has a huge impact on the number of fans that frequent their games during tournaments (Downward, Dawson Dejonghe, 2009). This increases their revenues from gate fees as well as sponsorships (Noll, 1998). On the other hand, it is identified that there may be some freeloaders who make more money than other without having to perform well. They often make their money through fan loyalty, which the authors identify as a combination of basic economic principles. The fact that some teams are in a position to increase their income by building fan lo yalty even though they may not be the best performing team in a particular league brings in the issue of fan psychology. It is identified that the need to belong often brews a huge amount of loyalty that is unmatched by any type of performance (Sanderson Siegfried, 1997). Some of the aspects identified by the authors to be particularly responsible for this kind of loyalty are race and location. It is identified that the location of some teams ensures that they are the only teams that those who love the sport in the area can support (Noll, 1998). With increased demand as a result of a great following, teams are in a position to increase their incomes through hiking stadium gate fees as well as increasing their endorsements and sponsorship values (Whitney, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Value of Sports Talent specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The authors use data borrowed from sports statistics made by di fferent teams and league managers. These give a vivid description of the particular revenue flows that the authors seek to explain in their articles. The fact that the numbers are evident, but there has not been any action to rectify the disparities in incomes, may be understood to mean that the success of the sports fraternity does not lie in the particular revenues generated (Kahn Shah, 2005). This is contrary to popular opinion of the players, managers as well as fans who identify that the monetary value of the sport has a lot to do with its success. The use of real monetary figures does, however, prove the validity of the arguments advanced by the authors in every sense of the sport from the motivational to the fanatical and financial aspects of the different sports that have been evaluated (Stone Warren, 1999). Of particular interest is the data on basketball as well as football where it is identified that some of the best performing athletes may be making less money than the ir counterparts who perform less especially in cases where they are bound by contracts that are of a lower value (Palomino Sakovics, 2003). This extends the authors debate on sports management where sports managers have to identify ways of increasing and sustaining sports contracts and endorsements. Critique The authors raise a couple of ideas that are quite important in the evaluation of sports revenues with the current disparities in the incomes of different players as well as teams being put into consideration. The identification that the state of the whole sports fraternity is worrying in regard to its sustainability especially after fans have started complaining of more boardroom sports than on the field sports (Whitney, 2005). The fact that the commercialization of the sports industry may be identified to be one of the contributors of the decline in the growth of the whole industry in terms of sports, it should not be demonized especially considering that the increased value of the game has overtime contributed to more activity in terms of the number of games and tournaments organized (Ehrenberg Bognanno, 1990). The authors’ findings as well as conclusions can be identified to have various strengths as well as weaknesses that are based on their application of themes whether new or borrowed from other fields of study (Verbon, 2008). Strengths The authors identify that the introduction of salary caps as well as salary floors may serve to improve the quality of sports since players will be more motivated to perform better. The fact that these opinions are based on real values collected from the different teams and sports managers serves to provide a practical evaluation of the economic and financial aspects of sports especially in regard to salaries and endorsements (Verbon, 2008).Advertising Looking for coursework on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The need to introduce some form of equality into the sports fraternity is advised by the fact that some teams as well as individual players have been suffering under irrational decisions made by their managers who identify particular ways of raking in revenues to be preferable than other (Palomino Sakovics, 2003). It is identified that the particular aspect of procuring famous athletes who are in the decline stages of their careers and then paying them some hefty amounts of money may not be ethical even though it works to draw in more fans as well as increase endorsements and sponsorships (McCormick Tollison, 2001). The need to value sports with reference to the particular performance of a player and not his or her previous reputation serves to ensure that the particular talent that exists in the field is natured to a point where it gives both the stake holders in the sports management and the fans a considerable amount of satisfaction during the games (Stone Warren, 1999). The i dentification by some authors that some of the sports portray quite a substantial amount of disparity between the revenues of players from different races, serves to highlight the plight of minority groups in the sports fraternity. This, they identify is rooted in the particular management techniques of different spots where the value of players is quantified to racial supply rather than their performance (Kahn Shah, 2005). They identify that in the basketball leagues white players are paid more than their black counterparts due to the fact that there are less white players in the leagues in general. The application of economic, finance as well as other market research models in identifying the particular value of players and teams in terms of endorsements and the number of fans is credited for this racial disparity (Downward, Dawson Dejonghe, 2009). Where it is identified that there is a higher population of white people who frequent the sports venues, the white players are paid more than the other players and vice versa (Ehrenberg Bognanno, 1990). The authors have also identified the need to invest in nurturing talent in regard to their evaluations based on economic principles. They identify that the investment of teams in old and experienced sports personalities so as to increase their endorsements and number of fans may not satisfy their long-term objectives and may actually be expensive in the long run (Palomino Sakovics, 2003). Weaknesses While most of the authors identify that the introduction of salary caps may be identified to be a motivator for those who are wrongfully discriminated based on their personality, it may serve to demoralize the high achievers who make a lot of money (Sanderson Siegfried, 1997). It should not be assumed that some of the highest salaried players do not deserve their salaries as it is identified that some of them actually perform exceptionally for the betterment of their teams as well as the whole sport in general. The application of economic variables does not serve to solve the direct challenges that are faced by sports personalities today and with the short lifespan of some sports careers it may be worrying to identify that some of the currently talented athletes may never get to be paid their fair dues in the near future (Noll, 1998). The authors identify that with age the performance of athletes reduces. In as much as teams want to maintain some of the players for endorsement purposes, the particular economic viability of the sports industry has a long-term aspect to it and with the short life cycles of the athletes careers it may not be viable to apply economic principles in a matter that is identified to be of personal importance. It may, however, work to secure the revenues of future generations. It is identified that what is currently needed is a quick solution to fix the reputation of the sports fraternity before some of the sports start losing their market value due to reduced fan sati sfaction (McCormick Tollison, 2001). The management of sports teams is also misrepresented in terms of financial preference, where it is identified that they are mainly drawn by the particular profits that they can make in the signing of sports contracts (Verbon, 2008). It is identified that the need to maintain a high number of loyal fans coincides with the particular aspect of endorsement profits as well as gate collection and these are actually some of the main concerns of sports managers. Conclusion The authors have presented a very solid case on sports economics by evaluating real data on the particular revenues of teams as well as individual sports personalities. Their arguments on the particular contracts that players as well as teams in general get into prove that there may be more financial matters in the sports fraternity than it is identified by those who identify talent as the main motivator of sports (Whitney, 2005). This proves that the financial aspect of sports shou ld not be ignored as it may be a bubble that is about to burst considering the recent over-commercialization of some sports. They identify that there may be a need to toughen the rules and regulations surrounding the management of spots to secure its viability and ensure fair play among the different stakeholders (Downward, Dawson Dejonghe, 2009). References Downward, P., Dawson, A., Dejonghe, T. (2009). Sports economics: theory, evidence and policy. New York: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann. Ehrenberg, R., G. Bognanno, M., L. (1990). Do Tournaments have incentive effects? Journal of political economy. 98(6). Pp 1307-1324. Kahn, L., Shah, M. (2005). Race, Compensation and Contract Length in the NBA. Journal of industrial relations. 44(3). Pp 444-462. McCormick, R., E. Tollison, R,. D. (2001). Why do black basketball players work more for less money? Journal of Economic Behavior Organisation. 44(1). Pp 201– 219 Noll, R., G. (1998). Economic Perspectives on the Athletes Bo dy. Stanford humanities review. 6(2). Pp 78-81. Palomino, F., Sakovics, J. (2003). Inter-league competition for talent vs. competitive balance. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh. Porter, P., Scully, G. (1996). The Distribution of Earnings and the Rules of the Game. Southern Economic Journal. 63(1). Pp 149-162. Sanderson, A., R. Siegfried, J., J. (1997). The Implications of Athlete Freedom to Contract: Lessons from North America. Oxford: Blackwell. Stone, E., W. Warren, R. (1999). Customer discrimination in professional basketball: evidence from the trading-card market. Applied Economics. 31. Pp 679-685. Verbon, H. (2008). Regulation of Mobile Football Talent. Tilburg: Tilburg University press. Whitney, J. (2005). The peculiar externalities of professional team sports. Economic Inquiry. 43(2). Pp 330–343.

A Brief Overview of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

The trans-Atlantic slave trade was the largest long-distance coerced movement of people in history and, prior to the mid-nineteenth century, formed the major demographic well-spring for the re-peopling of the Americas following the collapse of the Meridian population. Cumulatively, as late as 1820, nearly four Africans had crossed the Atlantic for every European, and, given the differences in the sex ratios between European and African migrant streams, about four out of every five females that traversed the Atlantic were from Africa.From the late fifteenth century, the Atlantic Ocean, once a formidable barrier that prevented regular interaction between those peoples inhabiting the four continents it touched, became a commercial highway that integrated the histories Of Africa, Europe, and the Americas for the first time. As the above figures suggest, slavery and the slave trade were the linchpins of this process.With the decline of the Meridian population, labor from Africa formed the basis of the exploitation of the gold and agricultural resources of the export sectors of the Americas, with sugar laminations absorbing well over two thirds of slaves carried across the Atlantic by the major European and Euro-American powers. For several centuries slaves were the most important reason for contact between Europeans and Africans.What can explain this extraordinary migration, organized initially on a continent where the institution of slavery had declined or totally disappeared in the centuries prior to Columbian contact, and where, even when it had existed, slavery had never been confined to one group of people? To pose the question differently, why slavery, and why were the slaves carried across the Atlantic exclusively African? The short answer to the first of these two questions is that European expansion to the Americas was to mainly tropical and semi-tropical areas.Several products that were either unknown to Europeans (like tobacco), or occupied a luxury niche in pre-expansion European tastes (like gold or sugar), now fell within the capacity of Europeans to produce more abundantly. But while Europeans could control the production of such exotic goods, it became apparent in the first two centuries af ter Columbian contact that they chose not to supply the labor that would make such output possible.Free European migrants and indentured servants never traveled across the Atlantic in sufficient numbers to meet the labor needs of expanding plantations. Convicts and prisoners the only Europeans who were ever forced to migrate were much fewer in numbers again. Slavery or some form of coerced labor was the only possible option if European consumers were to gain access to more tropical produce and precious metals.

Problem Identification Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Problem Identification Paper - Essay Example The information is stored in the database in a systematic way so that it can be easily retrieved whenever required through queries by the reporting module. Data capturing is done through user-friendly screens depending upon the type of data. The entire system is being protected by a user level password to enable different assigned activities so that no intruder can access the data. The user for this application is a person who wants to generate a new web enabled dynamic content application and not the end user working at the client side. Feasibility study is an important phase in the software development process. It enables the developer to have an assessment of the product being developed. It refers to the feasibility study of the product in terms of outcomes of the product, operational use and technical support required for implementing it. It refers to the benefits or outcomes. We are deriving from the product as compared to the total cost we are spending for developing the product. If the benefits are more or less the same as the older system, then it is not feasible to develop the product. In the present system, the development of the new product greatly enhance the accuracy of the system and cuts short the delay in the processing of Birth and Death application. The errors can be greatly reduced and at the same time providing great level of security. Hence, we do not need any additional equipment except memory of required capacity. No need of spending money on client for maintenance because the database used is web enabled database. It refers to the feasibility of the product to be operational. Some products may work very well at design and implementation but may fall in the real time environment. It includes the study of additional human resources required and their technical expertise. The present system is used for different

The Effect of Media (Internet) on Children behavior Essay

The Effect of Media (Internet) on Children behavior - Essay Example Ethical reasoning on the subject of Internet use among Children and Adolescents VII. Conclusion The Effect of Media (Internet) on Children’s Behavior INTRODUCTION Since the introduction of the internet, children everywhere have been fascinated by this media format and the various opportunities for entertainment that it presents. Today, most children in the developed nations are interested in internet related sources of entertainment and information than in formerly popular activities such as reading story books and playing in the playground. The teenagers in Western nations use the internet for entertainment and education almost as much as the adults do. Objectives of Studying about the Effects of Internet use by Children and Teenagers Children today have more access to a lot of information than children in bygone eras did due to the internet. Computers cannot really be considered as being innately damaging to the minds of users, or only beneficial; however, in the hands of ch ildren, they can be changed to become either of these options. The internet can deeply affect a child’s psychosocial development. Thus, it is vital for educators as well as parents to acquire the necessary information in regards to the effects of prolonged exposure or supervised exposure of children to the internet. This will then allow them to be able to offer direction on the age-appropriate exploitation of different features of the Internet. The fact that this objective may be difficult to achieve is not unusual. In the present age, there are many educators as well as parents who may fear that they know much less about how best to use the different internet features that exist than their own children. Many do not even appreciate the emergence of the internet as the latest medium which can be used to champion literacy. Moreover, this approach may be counterproductive because there is a need for parents to understand how the internet affects their children’s developme nt. In addition, there are many unseen dangers in the relatively unregulated world of the internet. The only way to tackle such potential dangers is by learning about different facets of the internet and accepting statistics and facts about the effects of the internet from researchers who study the subject. Learning about the internet will also allow educators as well as parents to be able to ensure that children benefit from educative information from a safe environment. Research Findings on the use of the Internet The findings of all research conducted on internet use among children indicate that there are both negative as well as positive developmental consequences that come with using the internet during adolescence as well as childhood (Holloway & Valentine, 2003). It has also been established that there are other environmental elements that mediate the effects of childhood online behavior. The techno-subsystem theory, for instance, addresses aspects about child interaction wit h both non-living factors such as information from hardware sources, and living sources such as colleagues (Holloway and Valentine, 2003). In emphasizing the function that technology plays in the development of a child, the ecological techno-subsystem supports the holistic examination of the developmental results that could be determined by various levels of internet during a

International New Ventures Essay -- International Business

Introduction The article ‘A Theory of International New Ventures: A Decade of Research’ by Zahra (2005) is based on findings based on research sparked by the work of Oviatt and McDougall (1994) ‘Toward a Theory of International New Ventures’. In this article, Zahra (2005) builds on the authors’ research framework, highlighting aspects which expand on the original article and pointing out those which require re-examination in the light of accumulating empirical findings. The term ‘international entrepreneurship’ as developed by Oviatt and McDougall (1994) brings international business theory into an integrated model of International New Ventures (INVs) with an approach based on unique resources and network relationships facilitated by information and communication technology. Defined as a business organization formed for the purpose of deriving significant competitive advantage from the use of resources and sale of outputs in multiple countries, INVs p lay an integral role in today’s global economy as recent global conditions have made the INV form of organization competitive (Oviatt and McDougall, 1994). Literature Review The emergence of INVs is one of the defining features of modern global capitalism (Oviatt and McDougall, 1994). These INVs benefit from the globalized economy in various ways extending their technological learning by tapping into various sources of innovation and competitive advantages as found in the results of a study by Zahra, Ireland and Hitt (2000). Oviatt and McDougall (1994) identified four types of INVs using two dimensions: coordination of value chain activities and the number of countries involved namely- export/import start-ups, multinational trader, geographical focused start ups and global start-up... ....D. and Hitt, M.A (2000) ‘International Expansion by New Venture Firms: International Diversity, Mode of Market Entry, Technological Learning and Performance’, Academy of Management Journal, 43 (5) pp. 925-950. Business Source Premier (Online). Available at http://ehis.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liv.ac.uk/ehost/ (Accessed: 8 April 2012). Zahra, S. & George, G. (2002) ‘International Entrepreneurship: The Current Status of the Field and Future Research Agenda’. In M. Hitt, D. Ireland, D. Sexton & M. Camp (Eds.). Strategic Entrepreneurship: Creating an Integrated Mindset. Oxford: Blackwell, 255-288. Zahra, S.A. (2005) ‘A Theory of International New Ventures: A Decade of Research’, Journal of International Business Studies, 36 (1) pp. 20–28. Business Source Premier (Online) Available at www.jstor.org.libproxy1.liv.ac.uk/stable/pdfplus/3875288.pdf (Accessed: 10 April 2012).

Total Quality Management: A Case Of Barclays Bank

Abstract A number of bankers hold the school of thought that banks fall under the finance industry instead of the service industry. In consequence, the competition is more inclined to financial prowess rather than service quality. The banking and financial institutions devote their resources, system, time and people more on managing the cash and the assets instead of managing customers and service. The procedures and products setup are in line with the bank’s convenience instead of the customer’s convenience. Additionally, most of the systems are designed with the aim of controlling the customers rather than offering satisfaction. Banks and financial institutions usually give customer service and satisfaction low priority. With few systems designed to monitor customer loyalty. Contrary to that thought, banks and financial institutions provide the service of financial custody to its customers thus belong to the service industry. For this reason, total quality management is applicable in the banking sector given its success with manufacturing industries. Banks stand to benefit from implementation of total quality management owing to the fact that their survival depend on customer loyalty and satisfaction. However, banking sector is somehow slow in reallocating into the customer-first archetype. The paper focuses on Barclays bank; it outlines and analyses how the banking organisation has introduced and developed a comprehensive system of total quality management in addition to the impacts of the implementation. Furthermore, it provides a critique on the same while highlighting possible areas necessary for improvement. Background The current global market is highly competitive with a characteristic of ever escalating customer demands such as, the need for improved products and services. Most markets have increasing supply of aggressively priced services and products from low labor cost sources. With the current competitive threats present in the market place, it is imperative for organisations and businesses to embrace improved and result oriented strategies (Cheng, Madan & Motwani, 2012). Incessant enhancement in total business activities with a keen focus on customer all through the entire organisation, in addition to prominence on quality and flexibility is of the essence to an organisational success. Quality, its management, and the associated continuous improvements play a significant role in many organisations. It is equally important to note that most organisations and businesses utilize total quality management as a means through, which they can endure in increasingly belligerent markets while maintaining their competitive edge over their challengers. The lifeblood of all businesses and organisation is its customers. In most cases, customers determine the sales of businesses and organisations based on their perception of the product and service quality. In consequence, quality concludes profits while the customers delineate and determine what quality entails. The implementation of total quality management has a myriad of benefits to an organisation and business as a whole; increased market share, amplified profitability, customer and employ satisfaction and heightened competitive edge against competitors. High quality has a direct correlation with the survival of organisations challenged with strong global competitors. In most organisations, competitive success is because of high quality (Eriksson & Hansson, 2010). Presently, the high-end significance of implementing total quality management makes it imperative for organisations and businesses to embrace high quality, its management and continuous improvements, especially in the current increasingly competitive market. The organisations that fail to embrace the principle of total quality management are bound to be unsuccessful. Additionally, total quality management is no longer an alternative for organisations willing to survive in the strong competitive markets. In ensuring customer confidence and competing for international business, organisations with ISO certification hold a distinct edge against their rivals. To the quality conscious buyers, total quality management is an imperative process of value addition (Dusseav, 2012). Total quality management entails the methods of management used to improve the productivity and quality in a business organisation: A widespread management approach operates horizontally across a business organisation. Total quality management involves all employees and departments extending forward and backward to include both customers and suppliers. Total quality management model employs a systematic approach on improving quality based on; personal accountability for assemblage success, team-based work groups, running of the work process possessed by individuals, motivation, and quality desire above quantity and facilitated communication involving functional areas and groups. Within the model, suggestions for improvements are sought from every echelon of the business organisation while motivation is distributed through recognition programs and profit sharing. Employee training in the scientific approach to fact-based problem solving remains the feature of the TQM model. The model embraces the use of tools like process flow charts, orthogonal arrays, statistical process control charts and Pareto charts (Cheng, Madan & Motwani, 2012). For any business organisation, quality provides a strategic advantage; a heightened competitive advantage and organisational survival. An organisational strategy based on quality aimed for competitive advantage usually emphasises on strategic resource on unremitting quality enhancement. In addition to creating price-value advantage above competitors, quality allows the organisation to charge a superior per unit sale price through differentiation. A business organisation is able to achieve a more sustainable competitive advantage through implementation of strategy of high quality. Organisations operating and competing on quality hunt an operational strategy capable of controlling product and service quality while seeking incessant improvement. Different market researchers suggest that organisations should focus on quality improvement in order to gain competence instead of laying emphasis on the current foci including efficiency, revenue, and market share. The current foci are by-products of competence that an organisation can achieve through focusing on product and service quality. Organisations vary in terms of the management practices, culture and the processes used to produce and deliver the products and services (Cheng, Madan & Motwani 2012). In this regard, total quality management strategy varies from one organisation to another. However, total quality management calls upon techniques and tools of lean manufacturing, quality control, ISO 9000, six sigma, and a customer focused culture. Introduction Barclays bank is one of the leading financial institutions across the world with over three hundred years of experience. The headquarters of Barclays Bank is situated in the UK with various branches across several countries worldwide. The bank has a strategy to increase the growth potential through continued diversification of business by customer, geography and product. It has the responsibility of progressing, investing, lending and protecting the money of close to thirty million customers across the globe. One of its branches has built a very strong reputation; the Barclays Bank Plc, Mauritius. The Mauritius branch; with close to one thousand one hundred employees, offer various services for corporate as well as individual customers. Quality implementation There are a myriad of approaches and models for a successful implementation of total quality management within an organization. Some of the approaches and theoretical models that are extensively used include; Crosby’s 14 steps to Quality improvement, Juran 10 points for quality improvement and W.E Demings’ 14 points for quality improvement (Bowen, 2013).While a widely agreed upon approach does not exist, Barclays bank has applied an implementation approach that borrows certain concepts and strategies from all the widely known approaches. The bank has implemented its total quality management system in a more customized way. The bank has adopted the EFQM framework theory in its implementation of TQM. Basically, the approach calls for a focus on results, customers, dependability of purpose, involving and training employees, incessant learning and social responsibility. The bank has applied all these criteria in its implementation approach of TQM (Sila, 2012). In a bid to improve its competitive edge and survivability, the branch has employed a number of strategies that ensure high quality of service delivery to their customers. It has embraced unremitting enhancement in total business activities, with a keen focus on customer all through the entire organisation. It is imperative for the bank to create constancy of purpose for unremitted enhancement of services and products. Barclays bank has embraced this as the first priority in implementing quality management. The bank has allocated its resources for long term planning instead of short-term profits. In order to ensure competitiveness and existence of the bank, it has invested in quality and innovation (Dusseav, 2012). Its management motivates their employees in addition to clear communication of the bank’s policies. The strategy of total quality management implementation has been generally broken down into two major categories in the bank’s modus operandi: Human resource m anagement and service quality, and customer satisfaction implementation. Under each major category of the strategies, there are subdivisions of the strategies. All these form a coherent system of TQM implementation at the bank for improved competitive edge as well as survivability. Quality Service and H R Management Barclays bank acknowledges the significance of the human factor as a major determinant in the successful implementation of total quality management. As a result, the bank has accorded superior attention to human factors such as motivation, teamwork and cooperation. The bank conducted an interview on their employees in regards to their viewpoint, before the implementation of total quality management. A number of employees agreed on the introduction of the total quality management by the management. They held the belief that there was a relationship between the introduction of TQM and the success of the bank. The bank introduced the system through written pamphlets to its employees. In an effort to thoroughly understand how the bank has introduced and develop its TQM system, an analysis of the three sub-divisions under human resource management in light of quality management was undertaken (Eriksson & Hansson, 2010). Focus on meeting employee needs Barclays bank focuses on employee needs given that the bank tries to improve their performance through encouraging creative thinking, holding training programs and teamwork. All these activities are aimed at enhancing the employees’ professionalism. Additionally, the bank provided its employees with a chance to express their views while offering rewards for excellence performance. It has a competently designed training program that emphasises on incessantly improving the professional skills of its employees. Techniques such as, workshops, industry level seminars and job training are employed to ensure the efficiency of the program. Focus on continued improvement In a bid to meet the needs of its employees, the bank management tries to enhance the quality continuously through mistake avoidance, cost minimization of financial services, keeping of good documentation system and unremitting amendment of work practices. According to the employees, the bank strives to focus on the customers as well, given that they run surveys with the aim of finding out the customer’s needs. The bank is characterized with listening and providing financial advice to its employees’ interests and needs (Edwards, 2013). Focus on management competition needs It is important to realize that, through creation of effective means of communication between the employees and the customers, the bank has managed to develop their competitive edge. The bank acquired an ISO certification, which has led to a heightened bank performance level as compared to other banking institutions. Additionally, Barclay bank is always on the look-out for new technology aimed at modifying the current process of operation. The bank’s management acknowledges the importance of process innovation in a bid to evaluate their operation processes and the need to alter them. Process innovation has seen the bank to greater heights in terms of customer and employee satisfaction. The innovation allows the lower level management within the bank to communicate to the top management on exactly how the processes should be conducted in order to reflect the true customer satisfaction (Eriksson & Hansson, 2010). Customer satisfaction Barclays bank holds both individual and cooperate customers with high esteem as it acknowledges their significance in the success of the institution. In a bid to create an impressive customer appeal and product and service endorsement, the management of the bank has placed life-long strategies within its services provision. These strategies are focused on constantly delighting and surprising their esteemed customers ahead of their arch competitors. The management of Barclays bank not only ensures that their esteemed customers purchase their product but also recommend the products to their families and friends (Frick, 2009). In an interview conducted to establish the level of customer satisfaction, Barclays showed a satisfactory level of satisfaction to the needs of their customers. The bank has modern technical equipment such as A.T.M services which help save the customers time thereby facilitating their deal with the bank. Apart from the A.T.M services, the bank has employed various strategies aimed at reducing the processing time of its key products and services such as new accounts, loans, credit cards and cheque encashment. Through innovation of mobile applications, the waiting period and down time as well as the queuing period has been significantly reduced (Edwards, 2013). According to the customer feedbacks, Barclays bank delivers most of its promises to their customers. It has eliminated a number of bureaucracy procedures that are deemed obstacles on delivery of promise agreements. The bank management has created an image of reliability among its customers through the use of good dependable documentation. In order to improve the level of customer satisfaction, quality of services offered by the bank is undertaken by qualified employees. The employees are trained to serve the customers with friendliness and efficiency. The working hours of the bank are deemed suitable for their customers and employees on a similar basis. The bank’s skilled employees not only offer quality services, but also quick delivery. This creates a sense of customer being the emphasis of the banks operation. Barclays has effective communication systems through, which the customers’ complaints are channeled and promptly handled. This way, the bank improves on its weakest areas on customer service thereby enabling the customer to feel appreciated as part of the bank. Additionally, the bank focuses on improving the quality of products and services offered in the bank apart from customer service. Barclays bank has some of the best interest rates, inclusive of all charges and hidden fees thereby depicting the quality of its services and products. The enquiries made by the customers either through phone or in person are promptly answered. The bank has trained its employees to employ good work ethics in responding to customer enquiries: few rings before the phone is picked up, reduced number of transfers before the customer is connected to the right person and prompt answering of the phone (Edwards, 2013). The bank employs accuracy and timeliness of account statements as compared to their competitors. This ensures the customers’ trust on the bank while upholding the bank’s image, reputation and integrity. These qualities put the bank at a higher competitive edge within the banking industry. Conclusion In conclusion, the implementation of the total quality management in Barclays is considered successful given the numerous benefits associated with the embrace of the system. The level of commitment practice by the bank’s management has greatly ensured an improved quality of the services offered at the bank. The bank has witnessed a number of benefits associated with the influence of customer satisfaction and continuous process improvement methods on the quality of service delivery and profit margins. The services offered at Barclays have been identified as some of the best as compared to other financial institutions. In terms of focus on employees, the bank has been ranked top as its rewards its employees with competitive salaries. The high quality of services offered by the bank has allowed the bank to charge high prices for its products and services on similar basis. This has ensured high profitability and increased competitive advantage over their rivals. Total quality mana gement should not be considered as alternative, instead effective strategies should be adopted to ensure its successful implementation. In order to ensure that total quality management implementation is effective, it is recommended that the bank expands the role of internal auditor to examine the bank’s performance in terms of service, quality, value and cleanliness instead of limiting their functions. Even though the bank utilized written documents during the introduction of the TQM implementation, it is imperative to change the banks configuration and work practices to facilitate accomplishment of the TQM concepts. It is a daunting task for the bank to differentiate itself from its competitors given that an introduction of a new marketing strategy will automatically be copied. It is therefore imperative for the bank to ensure high quality of services, products and service delivery in a bid to ensure the customers’ loyalty. Bibliography Bowen, R. (2013, December 4). Learn the Theories of Total Quality Management. Retrieved October 31, 2014. Cheng, C. H., Madan, M. S., & Motwani, J. (2012) Implementing quality management in the banking services sector. Total Quality Management, 7(4), 347-356. Dusseav, S.P. (2012)†An analysis of the relationship between financial performance and TQM†, University of Missouri. Eriksson, T & Hansson, J. (2010) â€Å"The impact of TQM on financial performance†, Measuring Business Excellence, Vol. 7, No. 1, 36 – 50. Edwards, C.(2013) Barclays Bank Plc V. Rbs Advanta. Reports of Patent, Design and Trade Mark Cases, 113(10) 2012, 307-319. Frick, R. A., (2009) The application of total quality management on service quality in banking. New York, NY: Wiley. Sila, I. (2012). Examining the effects of contextual factors on TQM and performance through the lens of organizational theories: An empirical study. Journal of Operations Management, 23(12), 83-109. Appendix TQM- Total quality management A.T.M – Automatic teller machine ISO 900- A family unit of quality management standards

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